[GET] System Administrator Exam Questions And Answers
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24 sysadmin job interview questions you should know | Opensource.com
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System Administration Interview Questions & Answers
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Subscribe now Get the highlights in your inbox every week. As a geek who always played with computers, a career after my masters in IT was a natural choice. So, I decided the sysadmin path was the right one. In the process of my career, I have grown quite familiar with the job interview process. Here is a look at what to expect, the general career path, and a set of common questions and my answers to them. Typical sysadmin tasks and duties Organizations need someone who understands the basics of how a system works so that they can keep their data safe, and keep their services running smoothly. Sometimes sysadmins are even in charge of purchasing and placing orders for new IT equipment. Those seeking system administration as their career paths might find it difficult to keep their skills and knowledge up to date, as rapid changes in the IT field are inevitable. Citation Is running these commands as root a good or bad idea? Running everything as root is bad due to two major issues.
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The first is risk. Nothing prevents you from making a careless mistake when you are logged in as root. The second reason is security. Having access to root means you already have one half of the working set of admin credentials. What is the difference between rm and rm -rf? The rm command by itself only deletes the named files and not directories. How can you list its contents, and how do you list them only for a specific file? There are no safeguards against failure.
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Citation RAID 1: A popular disk subsystem that increases safety by writing the same data on two drives. Also, if one drive fails, the second drive is used, and the failed drive is manually replaced. After replacement, the RAID controller duplicates the contents of the working drive onto the new one. RAID 5: A disk subsystem that increases safety by computing parity data and increasing speed. RAID 5 does this by interleaving data across three or more drives striping. Upon failure of a single drive, subsequent reads can be calculated from the distributed parity such that no data is lost.
System Administrator interview questions and answers
RAID 6 does not have a performance penalty for reading operations, but it does have a performance penalty on write operations because of the overhead associated with parity calculations. It requires a minimum of four disks, and stripes data across mirrored pairs. As long as one disk in each mirrored pair is functional, data can be retrieved. If two disks in the same mirrored pair fail, all data will be lost because there is no parity in the striped sets. Citation Which port is used for the ping command? The ping command uses ICMP. What is the difference between a router and a gateway? What is the default gateway? Router describes the general technical function layer 3 forwarding , or a hardware device intended for that purpose, while gateway describes the function for the local segment providing connectivity to elsewhere. You could also state that you "set up a router as a gateway. The term default gateway is used to mean the router on your LAN, which has the responsibility of being the first point of contact for traffic to computers outside the LAN.
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Explain the boot process for Linux. Kernel messages are always stored in the kmsg buffer, visible via the dmesg command. What is the difference between a symbolic link and a hard link? Updated Aug 30, Editor's note: this answer original said 'a hard link is a mirror copy of the original file,' which is not accurate. Thank you to Bruce Bowen for providing the following answer: A hard link is a directory reference to the same inode that the first directory entry refers to, and the inode is updated to increase the reference count to know there is a new link to the data. This means that when a file is 'deleted', the directory is updated to remove the file name and the inode for the data has the reference count decremented. The data of the file won't be freed unless the reference count goes to 0. Since inodes are unique for each file system, hard links can't cross file systems.
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Soft links create a way to for a directory entry to say "the file information is really stored in another directory entry". Soft links break if the 'another directory entry' is deleted. So a 'user' way to describe the difference between a hard and soft link is that a hard link is a link to the file data and a soft link is a link to another file name. How do you change kernel parameters? What kernel options might you need to tune? After making the changes, save the file and run the sysctl -p command. These virtual files have unique qualities. Most of them are listed as zero bytes in size. How do you run a script as another user without their password? Have you been compromised? The toor user is an alternative superuser account, where toor is root spelled backward. It is intended to be used with a non-standard shell, so the default shell for root does not need to change.
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This purpose is important. Advanced questions Here are the even more difficult questions you may encounter: How does tracert work and what protocol does it use? The command tracert—or traceroute depending on the operating system—allows you to see exactly what routers you touch as you move through the chain of connections to your final destination. What is the main advantage of using chroot? When and why do we use it? An advantage of having a chroot environment is that the filesystem is isolated from the physical host, since chroot has a separate filesystem inside your filesystem. A chroot jail lets you isolate a process and its children from the rest of the system. The idea is that you create a directory tree where you copy or link in all of the system files needed for the process to run. Citation How do you protect your system from getting hacked? By following the principle of least privileges and these practices: Encrypt with public keys, which provides excellent security.
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Enforce password complexity. Understand why you are making exceptions to the rules above. Review your exceptions regularly. Hold someone to account for failure. It keeps you on your toes. Citation What is LVM, and what are the advantages of using it? LVM, or Logical Volume Management, uses a storage device management technology that gives users the power to pool and abstract the physical layout of component storage devices for easier and flexible administration. Using the device mapper Linux kernel framework, the current iteration LVM2 can be used to gather existing storage devices into groups and allocate logical units from the combined space as needed. What are sticky ports? They allow you to set up your network so that each port on a switch only permits one or a number that you specify computer to connect on that port, by locking it to a particular MAC address.
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Explain port forwarding? When trying to communicate with systems on the inside of a secured network, it can be very difficult to do so from the outside—and with good reason. Therefore, the use of a port forwarding table within the router itself, or other connection management device, can allow specific traffic to automatically forward to a particular destination.
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For example, if you had a web server running on your network and you wanted to grant access to it from the outside, you would set up port forwarding to port 80 on the server in question. Please note, it is usually not recommended to allow access to a server from the outside directly into your network. What is a false positive and false negative in the case of IDS? When the Intrusion Detection System IDS device generates an alert for an intrusion which has actually not happened, this is false positive. If the device has not generated any alert and the intrusion has actually happened, this is the case of a false negative. This is a fork bomb. It breaks down as follows: : defines the function, with : as the function name, and the empty parenthesis shows that it will not accept any arguments. The best way to protect a multi-user system is to use Privileged Access Management PAM to limit the number of processes a user can use. The biggest problem with a fork bomb is the fact it takes up so many processes.
Top 30 Red Hat Linux System Administrator Interview Questions - Whizlabs Blog
So, we have two ways of attempting to fix this if you are already logged into the system. An OOM killer first has to select the best process es to kill. Best here refers to the process which will free up the maximum memory upon being killed, and is also the least important to the system. The primary goal is to kill the least number of processes to minimize the damage done, and at the same time maximize the amount of memory freed.
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In the end, the system administration career path boils down to your interest in working with servers and solving cool problems. Now, I would say go ahead and achieve your dream path. I'm highly passionate about open source, cloud, security and networking technologies.
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Post a Job Are you a job seeker? See answer What are you especially proud of in your experience with support for users and endpoint systems? See answer Suppose you try to fix a problem, such as passwords not working for a group of users, but your attempt fails. What would you do? What are some attributes that make you a great systems administrator? Why is it a bad idea to restore a DC that was last backed up seven months ago?
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What is your technical background? Can you provide specific examples from your previous job titles? What do you do? What types of computer hardware and software devices do you have the most experience installing? What do you during your personal time to enhance your knowledge of IT practices and technologies? Can you tell me what an active directory is? How does it differ from LDAPs? How often did you look over system logs at your previous job? Why is it important to check system logs? Can you provide a few examples of when to use them? How would you describe your interpersonal communication skills as a systems administrator? What examples can you offer from previous roles? Do you have experience writing instructional documents that show employees how to use hardware or software and diagnose trivial problems? How would you feel about helping to train employees in the use of computer systems?
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Technical skills matter a lot in systems administrator jobs. It could be a system overload or flapping, among other issues. Identifying the problem helps me prevent it in the future. It is important for systems administrators to be unafraid of failure and experimentation. In fact, it can be rare for a first attempt at fixing a problem to succeed, and your candidates should have logical strategies for coming up with solutions.
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I always make sure to have at least two other backup plans. I always dig to find out why a problem occurred. Otherwise, it is liable to happen again and hurt the business. I am also a great communicator, able to share my insight with anyone in jargon-free language. DC means domain controller, and your candidates should know what it is. Many systems administrator jobs require interaction with users and knowledge of remote techniques and ticketing systems.
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This question ensures that the candidate will be able to do the customer service you require. My clients often refer me to others and talk about how I quickly restore their functionality. Someone who needs a lot of team support might not fare well here. He taught me the importance of initiative and preventing problems. So, I make it a point to touch base with clients regularly. In one of these instances last year, a check-in led to a conversation where I was able to identify the early stages of a badly written application.
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Systems administrators are responsible for maintaining computer systems for businesses and often receive calls from company employees to diagnose and fix system issues. This question allows interviewers to determine a candidate's ability to ask for help and acknowledge when they've reached their professional limitations. A candidate's answer should emphasize: Problem-solving skills.
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There are a lot of opportunities from many reputed companies in the world. If you want to enrich your career and become a professional in ATG System Administrator, then visit Mindmajix - a global online training platform: " ATG System Administrator Training " This course will help you to achieve excellence in this domain. Ans: It is basically a server with the help of which the users can simply make sure of accessing the resources through the name of the nodes in the network than using the IP. It can be configured in the system for keeping a track record of IP addresses and node names. Q2 How well can you explain the Active Directory concept in the System administration? Ans: When it comes to network security and administration, something that largely matters is nothing but the centralized control of everything. The same can easily be assured through the Active Directory. The nodes which are associated with the server are generally configured with the Active Directory. Generally, they act as controllers for all the domains concerned with the network.
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All the settings and the information related to the development is generally stored in the central database. The Directory makes sure that the administrators to enable the deployment and policies. Depending upon the nature of the task, it is also responsible for the other tasks that are related to the operating system. Q4 What do you know about the Domain controller and how it is significant? Ans: It is also known as a network domain controller and is basically a computer system that is often based on Windows. All the data and the information that is related to the user account are stored on a central database with the Domain controller. It is also regarded as the central unit for the Active Directory in Windows. It is mainly responsible for matching the authentication details and making sure that the security policies are not getting violated. Q5 Name a few email ports you are familiar with? Ans: This is generally done through the Domain controller. Generally, the users who have the access to the information are given a unique ID and a password.
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Ans: It is basically an approach that is helpful for enabling users to adopt modern techniques over the traditional infrastructure. It stands for Short for Voice over Internet Protocol which is basically a special type of software and hardware with the help of which users can clearly use the transmission medium which is designed for the telephone calls by delivering the voice packets. Q8 What do you mean by Group Policy Objects and how they are significant? Ans: A GPO is nothing but an array of settings that is responsible for assuring the proper control of the working environment of a user, as well as nodes account. In addition to this, a GPO performs another important task and i. Q9 What exactly do you know about a Domain? In a tree that generally defines how the nodes are connected, there can be multiple domains and each is responsible for the functioning of a specific one. Q10 What you can store at the location C. Ans: At this location, the Ad database is stored.
24 sysadmin job interview questions you should know | 1medicoguia.com
Q11 What is the significance of the Sysvol Folder? Ans: This Folder is responsible for storing enabling the users to have common access on a domain. Basically, the copy of the server of the domain files is stored in this folder. The users can add more files to it to enhance the accessibility of the domain. There are AD databases that can also be stored in this folder. Q13 Tell us something about Windows Deployment Services? Ans: It is useful when it comes to deploying the Systems which run on Windows remotely. It is mainly used for network-based Operating system installation. This is to make sure that the new nodes can be added to the existing network in a reliable manner. This service lets the users make remote access to the nodes within the network simply and if they are allowed the same.
Top 20 System Administrator Interview Questions and Answers | 1medicoguia.com
Q14 Name the two types of Email Servers and how they are useful? Ans: These are: 1. Incoming Mail Server 2. Outgoing Mail Server The incoming mail server is one that is responsible for managing the e-mail account and the information associated. In any registered e-mail account, no more than one server can be linked or associated. Generally, it helps users in downloading their attachments from the email accounts provided the settings configured are correct. The other Server i. It is basically the industry standard directory access protocol. Its main aim is to enhance the reachability of the Active Directory. Q16 Tell something about the group policy and why does that matter? Ans: The implementation of the specific configurations is implemented for the nodes as well as for the users through the Group Policy. They are generally made linked to the sites, unites, or with the domains directly. Q17 What do you mean by the Lingering Objects in the System? Ans: While performing tasks, there is often a need to erase or to delete the Active Directory from the system.
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